everyday is Ashura every land is Karbala
Apr, 25 202416 Shawwal 1445


الأدَب


GOOD MANNERS


فَضلُ الأدَبِ / Good Manners


1- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): الأدبُ كمالُ الرَّجُلِ.
1- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners are the perfection of man.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 998]

2- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): يا مؤمنُ، إنّ هذا العِلْمَ والأدبَ ثَمَنُ نفسِكَ، فاجتَهِدْ في تَعلُّمِهِما، فما يَزيدُ مِن عِلمِكَ وأدبِكَ يَزيدُ في ثَمَنِكَ وقَدْرِكَ.
2- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘O Believer! This knowledge and good manners are the value of your soul so strive to learn them, for however much your knowledge and good manners increase, so will your value and worth accordingly.’
[Mishkat al-Anwar, p. 135]

3- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): الأدبُ أحْسَنُ سَجِيّةٍ.
3- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners are the best disposition.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 967]

4- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): خيرُ ما وَرّثَ الآباءُ الأبناءَ الأدبُ.
4- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The best inheritance parents bequeath their progeny are good manners.’
[Ibid. no. 5036]

5- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): إنّ النّاسَ إلى صالحِ الأدبِ أحْوَجُ مِنهُم إلى الفِضّةِ والذَّهَبِ .
5- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘People need good manners more than gold and silver.’
[Ibid. no. 3590]

6- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): حُسنُ الأدبِ أفضلُ نَسَبٍ وأشرفُ سَبَبٍ .
6- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners are the best lineage and the noblest means.’
[Ibid. no. 4853]

7- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): عليكَ بالأدبِ فإنَّهُ زَيْنُ الحَسَبِ .
7- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Acquire good manners, for they are the best personal merit.’
[Ibid. no. 6096]

8- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) :حُسنُ الأدبِ يَنُوبُ عنِ الحسَبِ .
8- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners may substitute for
[noble] lineage.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 75, p. 68, no. 8]

9- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): لا حسَبَ أنفعُ مِن الأدبِ.
9- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘There is no personal merit more useful than good manners.’
[Ibid. v. 71, p. 428, no. 78]

10- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): فَسَدَ حسَبُ مَن ليسَ لَه أدبٌ.
10- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Spoiled is the noble descent of a man who has no good manners.’
[Tuhaf al-`Uqoul, no. 96]

11- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): زِينتُكُم الأدبُ.
11- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners are your beauty.’
[Nahj al-Sa`ada, v. 2, no. 50]

12- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): لا زينةَ كالآدابِ.
12- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘There is no adornment like good manners.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 10466]

الأدَبُ وَالعَقلُ / Good Manners and the Mind


الأدَب


GOOD MANNERS


فَضلُ الأدَبِ / Good Manners


1- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): الأدبُ كمالُ الرَّجُلِ.
1- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners are the perfection of man.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 998]

2- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): يا مؤمنُ، إنّ هذا العِلْمَ والأدبَ ثَمَنُ نفسِكَ، فاجتَهِدْ في تَعلُّمِهِما، فما يَزيدُ مِن عِلمِكَ وأدبِكَ يَزيدُ في ثَمَنِكَ وقَدْرِكَ.
2- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘O Believer! This knowledge and good manners are the value of your soul so strive to learn them, for however much your knowledge and good manners increase, so will your value and worth accordingly.’
[Mishkat al-Anwar, p. 135]

3- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): الأدبُ أحْسَنُ سَجِيّةٍ.
3- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners are the best disposition.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 967]

4- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): خيرُ ما وَرّثَ الآباءُ الأبناءَ الأدبُ.
4- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The best inheritance parents bequeath their progeny are good manners.’
[Ibid. no. 5036]

5- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): إنّ النّاسَ إلى صالحِ الأدبِ أحْوَجُ مِنهُم إلى الفِضّةِ والذَّهَبِ .
5- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘People need good manners more than gold and silver.’
[Ibid. no. 3590]

6- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): حُسنُ الأدبِ أفضلُ نَسَبٍ وأشرفُ سَبَبٍ .
6- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners are the best lineage and the noblest means.’
[Ibid. no. 4853]

7- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): عليكَ بالأدبِ فإنَّهُ زَيْنُ الحَسَبِ .
7- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Acquire good manners, for they are the best personal merit.’
[Ibid. no. 6096]

8- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) :حُسنُ الأدبِ يَنُوبُ عنِ الحسَبِ .
8- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners may substitute for
[noble] lineage.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 75, p. 68, no. 8]

9- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): لا حسَبَ أنفعُ مِن الأدبِ.
9- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘There is no personal merit more useful than good manners.’
[Ibid. v. 71, p. 428, no. 78]

10- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): فَسَدَ حسَبُ مَن ليسَ لَه أدبٌ.
10- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Spoiled is the noble descent of a man who has no good manners.’
[Tuhaf al-`Uqoul, no. 96]

11- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): زِينتُكُم الأدبُ.
11- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners are your beauty.’
[Nahj al-Sa`ada, v. 2, no. 50]

12- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): لا زينةَ كالآدابِ.
12- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘There is no adornment like good manners.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 10466]

الأدَبُ وَالعَقلُ / Good Manners and the Mind

13- رسولُ اللهِ‏ِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): حُسنُ الأدبِ زِينةُ العقلِ .
13- The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Good manners are the beauty of the mind.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 77, p. 131, no. 41]

14- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): كلُّ شيءٍ يَحتاجُ إلى العقلِ، والعقلُ يَحتاجُ إلَى الأدبِ .
14- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Everything needs the mind, and the mind needs good manners.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 6911]

15- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): الأدبُ في الإنسانِ كشَجَرةٍ أصلُها العقلُ .
15- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Good manners in man resemble a tree whose root is the mind.’
[Ibid. no. 2004]

16- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَن زادَ أدبُهُ على عقلِهِ كانَ كالرّاعي بينَ غَنَمٍ كثيرةٍ .
16- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘He whose good manners surpass his reason is like a shepherd among numerous sheep.’
[Ibid. no. 8886]

17- الإمامُ الحسنُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): لا أدبَ لِمَن لا عَقْلَ لَهُ .
17- Imam al-Hasan (AS) said, ‘A man devoid of reason cannot have good manners.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 78, p. 111, no. 6]

تَأديبُ النَّفسِ / Disciplining The Self

18- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): تَولَّوْا مِن أنفسِكُم تأديبَها، واعدِلُوا بها عَن ضَراوةِ عاداتِها .
18- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Take charge of the discipline of your selves and shift them away from their rough habits.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 4522]

19- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مُعلّمُ نفسِهِ ومُؤدّ بُها أحَقُّ بالإجْلالِ مِن معلّمِ النّاسِ ومُؤدّبِهِم.
19- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘A man who teaches his own self and disciplines it deserves more reverence than a man who teaches others and disciplines them.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 2, p. 56, no. 33]

مَبادِئُ الأدَبِ / That Which Brings About Good Manners

20- تحف العقول: قالَ اللّه‏ُ تعالى لعيسى (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): أدِّبْ قلبَكَ بالخَشْيةِ.
20- It is narrated in Tuhaf al-Uqul: Allah, most High, told Jesus
[Prophet Jesus (AS) is known in the Arabic tradition as Musa] (AS), ‘Refine your heart with piety’.’
[Tuhaf al-`Uqoul, no. 500]

21- تنبيه الخواطر ـ لَمّا قيلَ لِعيسى (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَن أدّبَكَ؟ ـ: ما أدّبَني أحَدٌ، رأيتُ قُبْحَ الجهلِ فجانَبْتُهُ.
21- Jesus son of Mary (AS) was asked, ‘Who gave you good manners?’ He replied, ‘No one disciplined me; when I saw the ugliness of ignorance I avoided it.’
[Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 1, p. 196]

22- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): جالِسِ العلماءَ يَزْدَدْ علمُكَ ويَحْسُنْ أدبُكَ وَتَزكُ نَفْسُكَ.
22- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Sit with scholars to increase your knowledge, to improve your manners and to purify your soul.’
[Ibid. no. 4786]

23- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): إذا زادَ عِلمُ الرّجُلِ زادَ أدبُهُ، وتضاعَفَتْ خَشيتُه لربِّهِ .
23- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘When man’s knowledge increases his manners improve and his fear of his Lord increases.’
[Ibid. no. 5932]

آثارُ الأدَبِ / The Effects of Good Manner

24- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): سبَبُ تزكيةِ الأخلاقِ حُسنُ الأدبِ .
24- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The means to purify one’s moral virtues is good etiquette.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 5520]

25- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَن كَلِفَ بالأدبِ قَلَّتْ مَساوِيهِ .
25- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘A man who is preoccupied with good manners has fewer vices.’
[Ibid. no. 8271]

26- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): بالأدبِ تُشْحَذُ الفِطَنُ .
26- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The intellect is sharpened by good manners.’
[Ibid. no. 4333]

تَفسيرُ الأدَبِ / Explaining Good Manners

27- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): كَفاكَ أدبا لنفسِكَ اجتِنابُ ما تَكْرهُهُ مِن غيرِكَ .
27- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘It suffices you in disciplining yourself to avoid all that you hold in contempt from others.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 70, p. 73, no. 27]

28- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): كَفى بالَعْبدِ أدَبا أن لا يُشرِكَ في نِعَمهِ وأرَبهِ غيرَ ربِّهِ.
28- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘It suffices man in disciplining himself to not associate anyone with his Lord in his bounties and desires.’
[Ibid. v. 94, p. 94, no. 12]

29- الإمامُ الصّادقُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): أدَّبَني أبي (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) بثلاثٍ ... قالَ لي: يا بُنيَّ مَن يَصْحَبْ صاحبَ السَّوْءِ لا يَسْلمْ، ومَن لا يُقيِّدْ ألفاظَهُ يَنْدَمْ، ومَن يدخُلْ مَداخِلَ السُّوءِ يُتَّهمْ.
29- Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, ‘My father (AS) refined my manners by three
[statements]. He said to me: ‘O son! A man who befriends a vile person cannot escape blame, and a man who does not restrain his words will live in regret, and a man who enters suspicious places will become subject to accusations.’
[Tuhaf al-`Uqoul, no. 376]

أفضَلُ الأدَبِ / The Best Manners

30- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): أفضلُ الأدبِ أن يَقِفَ الإنسانُ عند حَدِّه ولا يَتَعدّى قَدْرَهُ.
30- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The best of manners is for man to stop at his limits and to not exceed his status.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 3241]

31- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): أحسَنُ الآدابِ ما كَفَّكَ عنِ المَحارِمِ.
31- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The best of manners is that which prevents you from committing sins.’
[Ibid. no. 3298]

32- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): ضَبْطُ النّفْسِ عندَ الرَّغَبِ والرَّهَبِ مِن أفضلِ الأدبِ .
32- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Self-restraint in times of desire and fear is one of the best manners.’
[Ibid. no. 5932]

الحَثُّ عَلى تَأديبِ الوَلَدِ والأهلِ / Encouraging The Teaching Of Good Manners To Children

33- رسولُ اللهِ‏ِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): أكرِمُوا أولادَكُم وأحْسِنوا آدابَهُم يُغْفَرْ لَكُم .
33- The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Honour your children and refine their manners, and your sins will be forgiven.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 104, p. 95, no. 44]

34- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) ـ للحسنِ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) ـ: إنّما قَلْبُ الحَدَثِ كالأرضِ الخالِيةِ ما اُلقِيَ فيها مِنْ شيءٍ قَبِلَتْهُ، فبادَرْتُكَ بالأدبِ قبلَ أن يَقْسُوَ قلبُكَ ويَشتغِلَ لُبّكَ.
34- Imam Ali (AS) said to Imam al-Hasan (AS), ‘The heart of a youth resembles an empty land - it receives all that is thrown into it. This is why I have started to teach you good manners before your heart is hardened and your soul is preoccupied.’
[Sharhe Nahj al-Balagha li Ibn Abi al-Hadid, v. 16, p. 66]

35- الإمامُ الصّادقُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): لمّا نَزَلتْ هذه الآية: «يا أيُّها الّذينَ آمَنوا قُوا أنفسَكُم وأهليكُم ناراً» قالَ النّاسُ: يا رسول اللّه‏! كيفَ نَقِي أنفسَنا وَأهلِينا؟ قالَ: اعمَلُوا الخيرَ وذَكِّروا بهِ أهْلِيكُم فأدِّبُوهُم على طاعةِ اللّه‏ِ .
35- Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, ‘When the verse: “O you who have faith! Protect yourselves and your kin from the Fire…” was revealed, people asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah! How do we protect ourselves and our kin?’ He replied, ‘Do good deeds and remind your kin about them, and discipline them to obey Allah.’
[Mustadrak al-Wasail, v. 12, p. 201, no. 13882]

36- الإمامُ الرِّضا (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مُرِ الصَّبيَّ فلْيَتَصدَّقْ بيدِهِ بالكِسْرةِ والقَبْضةِ والشَّيءِ وإنْ قَلَّ، فإنَّ كلَّ شيءٍ يُرادُ بهِ اللّه‏ُ ـ وإنْ قَلَّ ـ بعدَ أنْ تَصدُقَ النِّيّةُ فيهِ عظيمٌ.
36- Imam al-Ridha (AS) said, ‘Instruct the child to give charity with his own hand, be it a piece of bread or a handful of
[food] or any other small thing, for everything – no matter how little it is – if done for the sake of Allah and with an honest intention is very great.’
[al-Kafi, v. 4, p. 4, no. 10]

كَيفيَّةُ التَّأديبِ / How To Teach Good Manners

37- رسولُ اللهِ‏ِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): علِّموا أولادَكُمُ الصَّلاةَ إذا بَلَغوا سَبْعا، واضرِبُوهُمْ علَيها إذا بَلَغوا عَشْرا، وفَرِّقوا بينَهُم في المَضاجِعِ.
37- The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Teach your children to pray when they reach the age of seven, and coerce them to perform it when they reach the age of ten. And make them sleep in separate beds.’
[Kanz al-`Ummal, no. 4533]

38- رسولُ اللهِ‏ِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): الوَلدُ سَيّدٌ سبعَ سنينَ، وعبدٌ سبعَ سنينَ، ووزيرٌ سبعَ سنينَ، فإنْ رَضِيتَ أخلاقَهُ لإحدى وعشرينَ، وإلّا فَاضْرِبْ على جَنبِهِ، فقد أعْذَرتَ إلَى اللّه‏ِ تعالى.
38- The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘A child is a master for seven years, a slave for the next seven years, and a minister for another seven years. By the age of twenty one, you must either approve of his manners or cut him loose, for
[by then] you would have fulfilled your obligation toward Allah, most High.’
[Makarim al-Akhlaq, v. 1, p. 478, no. 1649]

39- الإمامُ الصّادقُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): يُؤدَّبُ الصَّبيُّ علَى الصَّومِ ما بينَ خَمْسَ عَشْرةَ سَنةً إلى سِتَّ عَشرةَ سنةً.
39- Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, ‘A child should be trained to fast between the ages of fifteen and sixteen.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 103, p. 162, no. 6]

آدابُ التَّأدِيبِ / What Must Be Observed When Teaching Good Manners

40- نَهَى رسولُ اللّه‏ِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ) عنِ الأدبِ عندَ الغَضَبِ .
40- Ali b. Asbat said, ‘The Prophet (SAWA) prohibited disciplining in times of anger.’
[Ibid. v. 79, p. 102, no. 2]

41- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): ازْجُرِ المُسيءَ بِثوابِ المُحسِنِ .
41- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Punish the wrongdoer by rewarding the good-doer.’
[Sharhe Nahj al-Balagha li Ibn Abi al-Hadid, v. 18, p. 410]

42- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): استِصْلاحُ الأخيارِ بإكْرامِهِمْ، والأشرارِ بتأديبِهِمْ .
42- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘You may improve the doers of good by honoring them, and rehabilitate the wrongdoers by disciplining them.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 78, p. 82, no. 81]

43- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): عاتِبْ أخاكَ بالإحسانِ إليهِ، وارْدُدْ شرَّهُ بالإنعامِ علَيهِ.
43- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Reprimand your brother by being kind to him, and react to his wrongdoing by being generous to him.’
[Ibid. v. 71, p. 427, no. 76]

44- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): أصْلِحْ المُسيءَ بحُسْنِ فِعالِكَ، ودُلَّ علَى الخيرِ بِجميلِ مَقالِكَ.
44- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Rehabilitate the wrongdoer by your good deed
[towards him], and indicate towards good through your good words.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 2304]

45- الإمامُ الكاظمُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) ـ عِندَ ما شَكى لَهُ بَعضُهُم إبنَا لَهُ ـ: لا تَضرِبْهُ، واهْجُرْهُ ولا تُطِلْ.
45- A man said, ‘I complained to AbÙ al-Íasan MÙsÁ
[al-KÁÛim] (AS) about a son of mine. He said, ‘Do not beat him, but rather ignore him
[i.e.depriving him of your company], but not for too long.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 104, p. 99, no. 74]

التَّأدُّبُ بآدابِ اللّه‏ِ / Disciplining Oneself By The Discipline Of Allah

46- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَنْ تأدّبَ بآدابِ اللّه‏ِ عزّ وجلّ أدّاهُ إلَى الفلاحِ الدائمِ.
46- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘A man who disciplines himself by following the etiquette of Allah, the Exalted, will have lasting prosperity.’
[Ibid. v. 92, p. 214, no. 13]

47- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَنْ لم يَصْلُحْ على أدبِ اللّه‏ِ لم يَصْلُحْ على أدبِ نفسِهِ .
47- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘A man who is not reformed through the etiquette of Allah will not be rehabilitated through his self-discipline.’
[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 9001]

تَأديبُ اللّه‏ِ / Allah’s Discipline

48- الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): إنّ البلاءَ للظّالمِ أدبٌ.
48- Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Misfortune is a form of discipline for the wrongdoer.’
[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 81, p. 198, no. 55]

49- الإمامُ زينُ العابدينَ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): إلهي، لا تُؤدِّبْني بِعُقوبَتِكَ، ولا تَمكُرْ بِي في حِيلَتِكَ .
49- Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) said, ‘O Lord! Discipline me not through Your punishment, and plot against me not by Your artfulness.’
[Iqbal al-A`amal, v. 1, p. 157]

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